July 16 - July 22IntroGood Morning! Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! The Border Patrol Museum: A Testament to History and Legacy A special thanks to the Border Patrol Museum and Joseph Banco, whose invaluable contributions have served as the primary source of information for this blog. In the heart of El Paso, Texas, nestled off Transmountain Road at 4315 Woodrow Bean, stands a unique institution that holds the soul of the U.S. Border Patrol. The Border Patrol Museum, the only one of its kind in the United States, is a testament to the rich history and legacy of the Border Patrol, preserving decades of memorabilia and memories. A Journey Through Time: The History of the Border Patrol Museum The Border Patrol Museum's journey began on October 25, 1978, when thirty-four visionary Border Patrol Inspectors and Agents convened in Denver, Colorado. Their mission was to establish an organization, the "Fraternal Order of Retired Border Patrol Officers" (FORBPO), and to create a National Border Patrol Museum that would preserve and display the rich history and artifacts of the Border Patrol. In 1979, the newly formed FORBPO membership approved the creation of the museum, and the collection of artifacts began. A year later, the Secretary of State for the State of Texas issued a Certificate of Incorporation, identifying the Museum as a tax-exempt entity under Section 501 C (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The museum first opened its doors on October 1, 1985, in the basement of the old Cortez building in downtown El Paso, Texas. However, a dispute with the landlord led to its closure in 1992. The museum's property was stored until a new building was constructed in 1994 on approximately 2 acres of city-owned land in northeast El Paso. Through the support and generosity of FORBPO members, the Anthony L. Oneto American Legion Post 812, several large individual contributors, and the public, a new building with 10,000 square feet of interior space was built. By February 1994, the construction was completed, and the building was paid for and lien-free. In April 1994, the museum reopened its doors to the public, welcoming 11,701 visitors in its first year at the new location. Over the last 30 years, the museum has evolved into a proud repository for memorabilia and memories of more than 80 years of Border Patrol history. It stands as a testament to the many volunteers who have dedicated thousands of hours to ensure that the original founding officers' vision is fulfilled. The Importance of Membership This year, the museum is calling upon the public's support more than ever. As a non-profit organization, the museum relies heavily on donations and memberships to keep its doors open and maintain its high standard. The museum receives no federal funds, making every contribution crucial to its survival. Annual memberships are now available at $40, offering members a 15% discount in the museum's gift shop and a complimentary calendar. Membership can be purchased through various methods, including credit card, personal check, or PayPal through the museum's website. Border Patrol Agents also have the option to pay for their membership through multiple transactions or a lump sum allotment. For any questions about membership, please contact Annette at (915) 759-6060 or send an email to [email protected]. Memorial Donations and The Wall of Support The museum also offers unique ways for individuals to contribute and commemorate loved ones. Memorial donations can be made in the name of a loved one, and the museum's Wall of Support offers a lasting tribute. The Wall, part of the museum since its construction in 1994, features bricks honoring retired, active, and family members of Border Patrol Agents. Civilians too have purchased bricks to show their support for the Border Patrol. Each brick costs $200, and there are currently 1,078 bricks that have been purchased. For more information, contact the museum at (915) 759-6060 or by email at [email protected] or [email protected]. A Living Legacy The Border Patrol Museum is more than just a building filled with artifacts; it's a living legacy. As Chief Patrol Agent (ret) Lynne Underdown eloquently put it in a 2021 interview for the U.S. Border Patrol Academy:
The Border Patrol Museum is a testament to the brave men and women who have served and continue to serve in the U.S. Border Patrol. It's a place where their stories are told, their sacrifices honored, and their legacy preserved. By supporting the museum, you're not just helping to keep its doors open; you're helping to keep the spirit of the U.S. Border Patrol alive. This week, we traverse the annals of the United States Border Patrol, starting in 1924 with a pivotal memo from the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District, setting the stage for the evolution of the Chief Patrol Agents role. We then explore the nuanced differences in uniform design between Immigrant Inspectors and Patrol Inspectors in 1926. Fast forward to 1928 and 1929, where we delve into the tense atmosphere of El Paso, Texas, marked by fatal shootings and significant gunfights with alcohol smugglers. In 1930, we touch on the equipment approvals for the Montreal District, and by 1934, we witness a shift in uniform regulations in Tucson, allowing for more comfortable attire in hot weather. These narratives, and many more, await you in our exploration of the U.S. Border Patrol's rich and complex history. As we delve into the past, we also pause to honor fifteen agents on the anniversaries of their Newton-Azrak Award actions. During this week, we solemnly remember two of our fallen, Ivan E. Scotten and James R. Dominguez, on the anniversaries of their deaths. Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. ESPRIT DE CORPSThe workplace climate resulting from a combination of organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees. The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale. Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees. Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps. THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEKRemembering a Hero This poignant photograph, taken at the upper Los Pompos crossing on the Rio Grande River, near San Elizario, Texas, marks the spot where Patrol Inspector Ivan E. Scotten was brutally ambushed and killed on July 20, 1929. As we commemorate the 94th anniversary of his tragic death this week, we honor his courage and dedication to duty. His sacrifice, a stark testament to the perils faced by those who protect our borders, will never be forgotten. DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS1924
1926
1928
1929
1930
1934
1941
1952
1955
1978
1992
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD |
Adding to this week’s milestones, Houlton Chief Patrol Agent Bill Maddocks, a stalwart of the agency and a close friend, retires. He hangs up his gunbelt, leaving behind an incredible legacy as he rides into the sunset of retirement. Please take to time to read about one of his significant contributions in THIS WEEK IN USBP HISTORY, VOL. 48. I would be remiss if I failed to mention that Chief Maddocks is a BORSTAR agent, was a SRT agent, and is the recipient of the USBP Commendation Medal, USBP Achievement Medal, and the USBP 75th Anniversary Medal. We wish Chief Ortiz and Chief Maddocks a long and fulfilling retirements! |
The USBP's culture is integral to its identity. Its rich history and traditions have shaped the character and values of the agents, guiding them through challenging terrain and circumstances.
To mitigate attrition and address staffing issues, numerous suggestions have been put forth in earlier blog posts:
- THIS WEEK IN USBP HISTORY, VOL. 53 - sheds light on USBP’s cultural origins.
- THIS WEEK IN USBP HISTORY, VOL. 55 - emphasizes recruitment based on cultural alignment.
- THIS WEEK IN USBP HISTORY, VOL. 61 - presents solutions to staffing challenges.
- THIS WEEK IN USBP HISTORY, VOL. 68 - explores the interplay between leadership and morale.
- THIS WEEK IN USBP HISTORY, VOL. 73 - focuses on innovative recruitment strategies.
- THIS WEEK IN USBP HISTORY, VOL. 88 - analyzes approaches to improving FEVS scores.
At a 7% attrition rate:
- For a workforce of 20,000,
- The Patrol would loose 1,400 agents per year, necessitating 28 Academy classes.
- For a workforce of 19,000,
- The Patrol would loose 1,330 agents per year, necessitating 27 Academy classes.
- For a workforce of 18,000,
- The Patrol would loose 1,260 agents per year, necessitating 25 Academy classes.
At a 9% attrition rate:
- For a workforce of 20,000,
- The Patrol would loose 1,800 agents per year, necessitating 36 Academy classes.
- For a workforce of 19,000,
- The Patrol would loose 1,710 agents per year, necessitating 34 Academy classes.
- For a workforce of 18,000,
- The Patrol would loose 1,620 agents per year, necessitating 32 Academy classes.
The difference in the number of employees leaving between a 7% and a 9% attrition rate for each workforce size is significant. For instance, for a workforce of 20,000, the difference is 400 employees, which is equivalent to 8 Academy classes!
The challenge is significant!
As Chief Jason Owens takes charge, addressing the attrition rate is likely to be one of the greatest challenges facing the Patrol. Creating an environment that encourages agents to stay, as well as implementing effective recruiting strategies, will be essential.
The Border Patrol is an essential institution for the safety and security of our borders. With new leadership and a commitment to addressing the challenges ahead, there is hope for a strong and resilient future.
Stay tuned for next week’s volume as we continue to delve into the rich history and the evolving challenges and triumphs of the United States Border Patrol.
As we delve into the past, we also pause to honor the memory of three Patrol heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.
Additionally, we remember and pay tribute to two of the Patrol's fallen officers on the anniversaries of their deaths.
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- The first Supervising Inspector for the Mexican Border was Frank W. Berkshire, appointed on July 1, 1907, who would later become known as the “Father of the U.S. Border Patrol.”
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1917
- On July 1, 1917, all remaining Chinese Inspectors were converted to Immigration Inspectors to better reflect their duties, but they still remained under the Chinese Division of the Immigration Service.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1924
- On June 26, 1924, the Commissioner-General sent a response to the Commissioner of Immigration of the Montreal District (District #1) confirming the the name of the new position:
- "Official title of Patrol Inspectors is Patrol Inspector."
- On June 27 1924, the Acting Commissioner-General sent a memo to the Acting Secretary of the Department of Labor, informing him of the names and locations of newly hired Patrol Inspectors for District 22.
- District 22 was the San Antonio District and includes the modern day Del Rio, Laredo and Rio Grande Valley Sectors.
- On June 27 1924, the Acting Commissioner-General sent a memo to the Acting Secretary of the Department of Labor, informing him of the names and locations of newly hired Patrol Inspectors for District 25.
- District 25 was the El Paso District and includes the modern day Tucson, El Paso and Big Bend Sectors.
1925
- On July 1, 1925, Patrol Inspector in Charge of the Wyandotte Sub-district, George T. Montague, submitted a monthly report to the District Director. It is interesting to remember that at this time, the Border Patrol had only been operating for one year.
- I could not locate the gravesite of George T. Montague. However, I did find newspaper articles that showed he was transferred to Baltimore as an Immigrant Inspector in 1927. He resigned from the Immigration Service approximately two months after that transfer. In 1929, he was detained and subsequently release for suspicion of bootlegging while he was assigned to Detroit. Although, I could locate other people with the same name, I could not confirm any of them were this George T. Montague.
1926
- On June 29, 1926, the Commissioner-General sent a memo to the Secretary of the Department of Labor recommending that all Chief Patrol Inspectors receive raises. There are several items of interest in this 2-page document:
- This was most likely in response to General Order 61 which was signed on March 18, 1926 and came into effect on April 1, 1926.
- Before General Order 61, sub-districts (called sectors in the 1940s) were led by Immigrant Inspectors designated to be Patrol Inspectors in Charge. General Order 61 renamed that position - Chief Patrol Inspector.
- The memo identifies the number of sub-districts, the person in charge of each of the sub-districts and the number of inspectors assigned to each sub-district.
- This was most likely in response to General Order 61 which was signed on March 18, 1926 and came into effect on April 1, 1926.
1927
- On July 30, 1927, a shooting occurred in El Paso, Texas involving Patrol Inspectors Galitzen Newton Bogel Sr. (1886-1973) and Frank A. Finnegan. The Patrol Inspectors engaged in a close quarters struggle with Juan Aguilar who was armed with a knife. During the struggle, Inspector Bogel was cut/stabbed multiple times. Aguilar was stopped after being shot by both inspectors. See this document.
1932
- On December 1, 1913, Jefferson Davis Milton (1861-1947) was promoted/converted to an Immigration Inspector and reassigned to Fairbanks, Arizona. He remained in this position until officially transferred to Tombstone, Arizona, on November 10, 1931, where he retired on June 30, 1932 at the age 71.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1940
- On July 1, 1940, Chief of the Border Patrol Willard F. Kelly (1903-1969) and El Paso District Director Grover W. Wilmoth (1884-1951) disseminated a 15-page document designed to provide employees with sound advice to equip them to be competitive for promotion, Elements for Advancement in the Service.
1943
- On June 29, 1943, the El Paso District sent a memo to the Central Office inventorying items that were old and tarnished, and being returned to headquarters. The memo offers insight into those early uniform items and their designs, e.g. pin-back versus screw-back attachment mechanisms.
1959
- On June 27, 1959, Patrol Inspectors of Ogdensburg Sector assisted the U.S. Secret Service in providing security for Vice-President Richard Nixon and Queen Elizabeth II at the dedication of the Moses-Saunders Power Dam on the St. Lawrence River.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
1970
- On June 28, 1970, all Border Patrol Inspectors were converted to Border Patrol Agents. All new badges and credentials issued after that date would have the new title. Many of the old Patrol Inspector badges were retired and had a metal panel affixed with the date June 27, 1970. Session 95 of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy at Los Fresnos, TX, was the last class to graduate with the title Patrol Inspector.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
- Effective July 1, 1970, responsibility for prosecution of all Border Patrol cases was reassigned to the Border Patrol. These had previously been presented by Senior Immigration Inspectors or Special Agents as agreed upon by Federal District Courts. This led to an increase in sector prosecution units, provided additional responsibilities for Border Patrol Agents, and provided a deterrent effect to small-time smugglers and guides.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
1982
- As part of the INS Reorganization of 1982, the Ogdensburg Sector “consolidated” with the Swanton Sector and officially closed on July 1, 1982.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
Juanita Santana - photo
Border Patrol Agent
Tucson Sector
On June 29, 1995, Border Patrol Agent Juanita Santana of the Tucson Border Patrol Station, was assigned to patrol a major smuggling route south of Tucson, Arizona.
Shortly after 5:00 p.m., Agent Santana observed a suspicious vehicle and conducted a normal vehicle stop. When she reached the rear door of the car, the driver, without warning, pointed a handgun out of his window and immediately began firing at her. Two shots struck her in the chest directly over her heart. Both bullets were stopped by a bulletproof vest she was wearing. A third shot struck her left forearm and completely penetrated it below the elbow. The fourth shot struck her ammunition pouch, which was fastened to her gun belt. This fourth bullet disintegrated on impact and Agent Santana was struck in the abdomen by shrapnel from the bullet.
Although struck four times and seriously wounded, Agent Santana drew her revolver and returned fire at the driver. Agent Santana ran back to her patrol vehicle and immediately began to pursue the fleeing suspects. She radioed for assistance and informed the Communications Center that she had been shot. Even though she was injured and bleeding heavily, she maintained her composure and clearly broadcast all pertinent suspect information.
Also received the USBP Purple Cross for this action
2005
Christopher D. Brinkhoff
Border Patrol Agent
Tucson Sector
Juan H. Villa
Border Patrol Agent
Tucson Sector
Border Patrol Agent Christopher D. Brinkhoff and Border Patrol Agent Juan H. Villa were recognized for extraordinary courage and valor during the performance of their duties on June 30, 2005, when they discovered evidence that there were narcotics smugglers in the remote desert area of Nogales, Arizona. At approximately 12:25 p.m., the agents encountered a group of 10 to 12 individuals. Immediately, an unknown number of the group began to fire at the agents. During the exchange of gunfire, both Agents Brinkhoff and Villa were shot in the right leg. The agents, suffering from shattered femurs, relayed via radio that they were down and needed assistance. A subsequent search of the area revealed 498.1 pounds of marijuana hidden in the brush.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
- 3 Mounted Watchmen who served before 1924.
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors who fell between 1924 and 1970.
- 101 courageous Border Patrol Agents who have given their lives since 1970.
- 1 dedicated Enforcement Analysis Specialist.
The names listed below are respected and remembered for their ultimate sacrifice in fulfilling the oath to protect and defend the United States of America.
In preserving the historical context, the descriptions about each officer's circumstances are presented with minimal editing to maintain the original "language of the day".
Complying with the Privacy Act of 1974, any causes of death related to lethal illnesses contracted in the line of duty will not be disclosed.
It's noteworthy that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax's name is inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officer's Memorial, yet his sacrifice is not officially recognized by the Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol.
However, HonorFirst.com proudly acknowledges and includes Agent Gigax among our memorialized heroes.
Robert W. Kelsay
Date of Birth: January 23, 1899
Entered on Duty: July 1, 1927
Title: Senior Patrol Inspector
End of Watch: June 25, 1930
Details:
During the night of June 25, 1930, Senior Patrol Inspector Robert W. Kelsay and another officer were watching a river crossing near Laredo, Texas. They were fired upon by liquor smugglers whom they had attempted to stop. During the gunbattle, Senior Patrol Inspector Kelsay was fatally wounded. There is no information available regarding the identity of the smugglers.
Survivor benefits - As per this document, his wife received $58.33 per month.
Gravesite
1932
Charles F. Inch
Date of Birth: April 8, 1902
Entered on Duty: October 14, 1930
Title: Patrol Inspector
End of Watch: June 26, 1932
Details:
The limited information available relative to Patrol Inspector Charles F. Inch indicates that he was attempting to board a moving freight train but was thrown from it, the wheels passing over his body. He was pursuing two aliens who were attempting to enter illegally from Canada. The fatal accident occurred in the Michigan Central tunnel yard at Detroit, Michigan, on June 26, 1932.
Survivor benefits - As per this document, his mother and father received $46.50 per month.
Gravesite
June 18 - June 24
Intro
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History!
Upholding Honor First Amid Challenges
Introduction Greetings to all members of the U.S. Border Patrol community, both current and former. As agents who have been on the front lines, you understand more than anyone the critical mission of safeguarding America's borders and enhancing the nation's economic prosperity (2022-2026 , U.S. Border Patrol Strategy). The role and duties of the USBP, as prescribed by the U.S. Code (6 U.S. Code § 211), primarily focus on interdicting persons attempting to illegally enter or exit the United States and deterring and preventing the illegal entry of terrorists, terrorist weapons, and contraband. |
As you well know, the landscape has become increasingly challenging over the years. Encounters at the border have risen to more than two million, and the strain on the workforce has been significant, particularly with the decrease in the number of agents from over 21,000 in 2011 to just over 18,000 today.
The Morale Challenge This physical and logistical strain has been accompanied by a morale challenge. A report from the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General warned about the impact of intensifying conditions at the Southwest Border on the health and morale of CBP and ICE employees. Furthermore, the Partnership for Public Service ranked the CBP as 419 out of 432 subcomponent agencies in the federal government, indicating a need for improvement in terms of workplace satisfaction. |
In response to these challenges, the leadership of the USBP has shown unwavering commitment to their mission and the well-being of their personnel. The 2022-2026 U.S. Border Patrol Strategy emphasizes that every Border Patrol Agent and employee plays a critical role in ensuring national security. The leadership must also embody the principles of Simon Sinek: "It's not about being in charge, it's about taking care of those in your charge". This philosophy underscores the importance of each individual in the organization and their contribution to the collective mission, demonstrating a focus on supporting and caring for the members of the USBP.
The Spirit of Honor First and Esprit de Corps
Despite these challenges, the USBP continues to embody its motto of "Honor First" and the principle of "Esprit de Corps". This spirit is present in every apprehension they make, every migrant they process, and every patrol they conduct. In the face of adversity, the USBP stands firm in their commitment to protect the nation and its people.
Looking Forward
The U.S. Border Patrol, despite facing numerous challenges, continues its vigilance in maintaining the security of the U.S. borders. Its agents, driven by a strong sense of duty and purpose, embody the spirit of "Honor First". As we look forward to a future with continued challenges, the U.S. Border Patrol stands ready to face them, always putting the nation and its people first.
Call to Action
For those of you currently serving and those who have served, we invite you to engage with us. Share this post within your network, engage in constructive conversations, and share your insights and experiences. Your firsthand knowledge is invaluable in fostering understanding and positive change.
Comments
We encourage you to leave your comments below. Share your thoughts, ask questions, or offer insights. Let's engage in a constructive dialogue about the challenges faced by the U.S. Border Patrol and the path forward. Your engagement is crucial in fostering understanding and positive change.
We remember two of the Patrol's heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.
We remember two of the Patrol's fallen on the anniversaries of their deaths.
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- On June 23, 1909, an announcement was issued for the position of Immigration Guard. The documents also states that the announcement will be used to hire the position of watchmen.
- This document from May 23, 1906, shows the positions and pay that existed three years earlier. Guard was not on that list.
1918
- On June 19, 1918, Commissioner-General Anthony J. Caminetti (1854-1923) wrote a memo to the Secretary of the Department of Labor, William B. Wilson (1862-1934). The memo described how the Secretary of States approved a plan to create a border patrol and Caminetti recommended that Wilson speak to the President to secure funding to create the patrol. In a handwritten comment, Wilson responded, "I shall not ask for funds to put this program into effect until the Departments interested demonstrate the need of it more fully than they have thus far done."
1924
- Beginning in June 1924, the eleven immigration districts that were on the borders began hiring Patrol Inspector and promoting Immigrant Inspectors and designating them as Patrol Inspectors in Charge. See this 30-page file for some of the first people hired to be part of the Immigration Border Patrol.
- Until 1926, when General Order 61 was implemented, the Border Patrol only had two positions, Patrol Inspectors and Immigrant Inspectors that were designated to be Patrol Inspectors in Charge. The position of Patrol Inspector in Charge would be renamed to Chief Patrol Inspector under General Order 61.
- On June 21, 1924, future Chief of the Border Patrol, Willard F. Kelly (1903-1969) entered on duty as a Patrol Inspector as per his Oath of Office. Kelly would become the third person to hold the position of Chief of the Border Patrol (1933-1943) and the first Chief to have first been a Patrol Inspector.
- Kelly was the 4th Chief of the Border Patrol. George Harris (1876-1941) would be one of the first two "Chiefs" of the Border Patrol in 1926 and the only person to have been "Chief" twice (the position was called Supervisor in 1926 and Director in 1932).
- On June 22, 1924, the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District (District #1), informed the Central Office that Charles E. Grey would be promoted to an Immigrant Inspector that was designated as a Patrol Inspector in Charge.
- Earl Crandlemire (1880-1966) is mentioned the memo and would complete a successful career in the Immigration Service.
1931
- On June 24, 1931, Commissioner-General Harry E. Hull (1864-1938) responded to a manpower request submitted by the Commissioner of Immigration for the Montreal District. The document provides the positions and locations for all employees in the district.
- On June 24, 1931, Commissioner-General Hull responded to an invitation for Patrol Inspectors to compete from the National Rifle Association. Interestingly, the document identifies the NRA's headquarters as the Barr Building in Washington D.C. The building is still standing an is located one block award from CBP's H Street facility.
1936
- On June 23, 1936, a memo was written to the field authorizing the wearing of slacks on the northern border April-October. This memo appears to mark the end of the wearing of puttees and boots by Patrol Inspectors. See the related documents below:
- On April 26, 1934, Irving F. Wixon (1884-1962) wrote a memo concerning Patrol Inspectors wearing breeches and puttees versus slacks.
- On May 2, 1934, the Second Supplement (page 3) to the Border Patrol's second uniform policy, General Order 179 (September 10, 1931) took effect, authorizing the wearing of slacks on the northern border April-October.
1940
- On June 24, 1940, an order for 25 Thompson submachine guns and 30,000 rounds was submitted. The memo identifies which sectors would receive the firearms.
1942
- On June 22, 1942, a memo was written concerning badges for guards assigned to work at alien detention camps (not the same as internment camps). A few things of interest about this brief memo:
- It identifies the location of the Central Office (HQ) as being in Philadelphia.
- It identifies W.F. Millier as the Assistant Chief Supervisor of Border Patrol. This position is believed to have evolved into the position of Deputy Chief of the Border Patrol. Walter Frederick Miller (1893-1967) is believed to have been the first person to hold the position.
1956
- On June 21, 1956, a cancellation of a transfer was issued detailing the cancellation of a planned transfer for Patrol Inspector George E. Newman, who had graduated with Class 59 on June 8, 1955. This memo serves as a representative example of the administrative procedures and decisions commonly made during that time. It also provides information about several individuals who held various positions within the organization.
1998
- An interesting fact that was found during research was that INS senior leadership questioned the use of INS salaries and expenses appropriations to purchase the 75th Anniversary Medals by the U.S. Border Patrol. In a June 18, 1998, memorandum, the INS requested a decision through the Office of Comptroller General of the United States and the General Accounting Office. Quoting the INS memorandum, the GAO states,
- INS recognizes that an agency, generally, has discretion to decide how to apply its appropriations, but asks whether the Border Patrol’s justification is adequate. INS expresses concern that “[t]he expenditures associated with the development, production and distribution of the commemorative medals would not in any way be directly connected to, or further the purposes underlying, INS’ salaries and expenses appropriation.” INS concludes that its salaries and expenses appropriation is not available for the purchase of commemorative medals, but asks for our decision nevertheless.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
Robert E. Jolicoeur
Border Patrol Agent
Del Rio Sector
On June 21, 1990, Border Patrol Agent Robert E. Jolicoeur responded to a call for assistance from the Eagle Pass Police Department concerning a possible hostage situation. After lengthy negotiations with the heavily armed suspect by local policy authorities had failed, Agent Jolicoeur risked his life to disarm and subdue the individual. His professionalism and unselfish dedication resulted in the successful termination of a critical situation without injury or loss of life.
1999
Jay Visconti - photo, statuette
Border Patrol Agent
San Diego Sector
On June 24, 1999, Border Patrol Agent Jay Visconti observed an automobile driving erratically on northbound Interstate 15, in San Diego, California. Agent Visconti was on-duty and returning from firearms training. Agent Visconti maneuvered his marked Border Patrol sedan closer to the erratically moving automobile and was able to ascertain that the driver of the vehicle was in serious distress. Agent Visconti then observed that the front seat passenger was attempting to steer the vehicle.
Agent Visconti realized that this was an extremely grave situation. Traffic was very congested during this time and there was a great deal of danger to the safety of the motoring public. Agent Visconti activated his overhead lights and created a traffic break. The erratically moving vehicle did not stop, but pulled over to the shoulder of the road and continued at a slow rate of speed. Agent Visconti pulled over and, exiting his vehicle, ran alongside of the offending vehicle until he was able to jump in through the passenger window and turn off the ignition.
The driver was apparently suffering from a heart attack. Agent Visconti immediately activated the emergency medical system and proceeded to render first aid treatment. When the San Diego Police and Fire Departments arrived, the driver was in full cardiac arrest and Agent Visconti was performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on her.
Tragically, the afflicted driver of the automobile did not survive. Upon being relieved of performing CPR, Agent Visconti was instrumental in directing the fast moving traffic around the scene of the stop and providing much needed support to the grieving passenger.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
- 3 Mounted Watchmen who served before 1924.
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors who fell between 1924 and 1970.
- 101 courageous Border Patrol Agents who have given their lives since 1970.
- 1 dedicated Enforcement Analysis Specialist.
The names listed below are respected and remembered for their ultimate sacrifice in fulfilling the oath to protect and defend the United States of America.
In preserving the historical context, the descriptions about each officer's circumstances are presented with minimal editing to maintain the original "language of the day".
Complying with the Privacy Act of 1974, any causes of death related to lethal illnesses contracted in the line of duty will not be disclosed.
It's noteworthy that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax's name is inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officer's Memorial, yet his sacrifice is not officially recognized by the Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol.
However, HonorFirst.com proudly acknowledges and includes Agent Gigax among our memorialized heroes.
Earl F. Fleckinger
Date of Birth: July 25, 1917
Entered on Duty: September 8, 1941
Title: Patrol Inspector
End of Watch: June 23, 1945
Details:
At about 3:00 p.m. on the afternoon of June 23, 1945, Patrol Inspectors Earl F. Fleckinger and Wilbur E. Kinney were patrolling on U.S. Highway No. 98 about 1 1/2 miles east of Calexico, California, when they stopped and searched an automobile driven by a Mexican alien. Search of the automobile disclosed a quantity of liquor in the rear compartment, whereupon the alien was placed under arrest. The officers then started west toward Calexico with the alien. Inspector Fleckinger was driving the government automobile with the alien seated beside him and Inspector Kinney was following immediately behind in the alien's automobile. They had proceeded about one mile when Mr. Kinney heard two shots and observed the government automobile swerve off the road and into an adjacent canal bank.
Mr. Kinney stopped the alien's car about 10 or 15 yards ahead of the government car, and while he was attempting to get out of the automobile, the alien fired four shots, which failed to hit him. Inspector Kinney pursued, caught and subdued the alien, and left him in an apparently unconscious condition lying prone in the center of the highway. Mr. Kinney then went to the aid of Inspector Fleckinger, at which time his attention was drawn back to the alien who was observed to be staggering across the international boundary into Mexico.
Inspector Fleckinger was taken to a hospital in Calexico by a passerby. He had been shot in the head, which resulted in his death about 6:15 p.m. on the same day.
Gravesite
1961
Kenneth L. Carl
Date of Birth: September 5, 1926
Entered on Duty: August 17, 1953
Title: Airplane Pilot
End of Watch: June 18, 1961
Details:
During the hours after midnight on Saturday, June 17, 1961, several jeep teams composed of Patrol Inspectors from Calexico, California, tracked two illegal aliens to an alfalfa field near El Centro, California. Personnel of the jeep patrol encircled the field and prevented possible egress of the aliens. At dawn on June 18, 1961, officers at the scene initiated a radio message to Sector for aerial patrol assistance in spotting the aliens.
Pilot Kenneth L. Carl was airborne at approximately 5:30 a.m. in a Piper Supercub. He immediately initiated low observation passes over the field. In a short time, one of the illegal aliens raised his head above the level of the alfalfa and was spotted by the pilot and ground units. When the first capture had been accomplished, the Patrol Inspectors ascertained the description, dress, and name of the second alien and radioed that information to Pilot Carl. The pilot was reported to have been flying at reduced air speed and very close to the ground, when the aircraft stalled and struck the ground. Pilot Carl was pronounced dead prior to being removed from the scene of the accident. It was later ascertained that his heart had been crushed within the rib cage on impact with the instrument panel.
Gravesite
Clifford Gill
Blog author, retired U.S. Border Patrol Assistant Chief and, current U.S. Border Patrol employee advocate.
Read more about Cliff here.
Ray Harris
Site founder and owner, former Supervisory Border Patrol Agent and retired Immigration Special Agent.
Read more about Ray here.
Joseph Banco
U.S. Border Patrol historian and retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent.
Read more about Joe here.
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