June 11 - June 17IntroGood Morning! Welcome to another This Week in USBP History! June 9, 2023 - From Acting CBP Commissioner Troy Miller It is with great pride that I announce that Chief Jason Owens will be appointed as the next Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol. Chief Owens has served in the U.S. Border Patrol for more than 25 years, rising through the ranks to hold key leadership positions at every level. His career to date includes Chief of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy, Chief of the Houlton Sector, and his current assignment as Chief of the Del Rio Sector. Over the course of his career, Chief Owens has demonstrated consistent dedication to the border security and homeland security missions, and to the men and women who carry out these responsibilities every day. I am confident that he will ably lead the U.S. Border Patrol into its 100th year and beyond. We love hearing from our readers and value your thoughts! After reading this week's post, please head over to our Disqus commenting system to share your insights, ask questions, or simply start a conversation about the topics covered. You might just find that I've already left a comment or two there myself! We look forward to engaging with you. Now to the intro! Standing Up for Integrity: Whistleblowing in the Border Patrol Preface: Embracing Our Audience Greetings, current and former Border Patrol agents. This blog post is dedicated to you—those who have steadfastly upheld the ethos of "Honor First" amid countless challenging situations, and those who might find themselves contemplating or in a position to blow the whistle. This blog seeks to guide potential whistleblowers, promoting self-correction, and strengthening the bedrock of our organization: Honor First. Unraveling the Dilemma: Whistleblowing vs. Reporting Misconduct Often, the terms "whistleblowing" and "reporting misconduct" are used interchangeably, but understanding the nuanced differences between them is paramount. Reporting misconduct refers to alerting relevant authorities within an organization about unacceptable behaviors, such as inappropriate actions by colleagues, discriminatory, or harassing behavior. Reports of misconduct are typically handled internally by designated departments. Whistleblowing, on the other hand, generally implies escalating the issue outside of the immediate organization when it involves significant violations like unlawful activities, corruption, or activities that pose a substantial risk to public interest. Whistleblowing is often associated with larger, systemic issues within an organization and can involve an external authority like the Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General, or the Office of Special Counsel. Walking the Tightrope: When to Whistleblow Knowing when to blow the whistle can be a complex issue. The challenge lies in trusting a supervisor or an organization that appears to be violating a law, regulation, or policy. When does one's perception of right or wrong trump those of a supervisor or the authoritative directives of the organization? Therein lies the delicate balance of whistleblowing—standing on the slippery slope between individual conscience and organizational adherence. The Guiding Light: "Honor First" Our core principle, "Honor First," embodies a multitude of virtues—integrity, honesty, decency, fairness, sincerity, truthfulness, and trustworthiness. This principle underlines our duty to address any misconduct, big or small, serving as a guiding light that prompts us towards self-correction and responsibility. As Border Patrol Agents of all ranks, we're entrusted with upholding this motto in both letter and spirit. Taking the Leap: How to Blow the Whistle If you witness or learn about serious misconduct, it's crucial to report it. CBP employees have an obligation to do so through the appropriate mechanisms such as the Joint Intake Center at 1-877-2INTAKE or [email protected], the Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Professional Responsibility, or the Office of Inspector General at 1-800-323-8603 or [email protected]. Reporting is the first step towards self-correction, an essential aspect of upholding the motto "Honor First." Keeping Perspective: The Cost of Whistleblowing Historically, whistleblowers have often faced substantial personal and professional costs, frequently being ostracized and branded as traitors by their organizations. Despite this, it's important to remember that the act of whistleblowing is deeply rooted in an innate sense of justice. The road might be challenging, but the belief in maintaining the integrity of the Border Patrol makes it worthwhile. Conclusion: Upholding Our Motto, “Honor First” Our roles as Border Patrol Agents are pivotal. Our actions matter, and our integrity is paramount. Upholding "Honor First" might entail making tough calls like whistleblowing. While the journey might be challenging, it is vital to preserving the honor and integrity of the Border Patrol. Stand tall, stay strong, and remember, no matter the circumstance, "Honor First." This week, we're exploring the U.S. Border Patrol's history, starting with Henry Carpenter Smither Sr.'s early efforts in the 1920s. We'll look at the letters and memos that helped shape border enforcement, and we'll examine a typical day in 1927 through an incident involving Inspector Ivan Williams. Travel with us to the 1950s to understand the impact of Operation Wetback, and remember the service and sacrifice of Theodore L. Newton Jr. and George F. Azrak, who tragically lost their lives in 1967. We'll end our journey with the introduction of the U.S. Border Patrol Purple Cross in 2001. We remember three of the Patrol's heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions. During this week, we solemnly remember six of our fallen, including Theodore L. Newton, Jr. and George F. Azrak, who tragically lost their lives in the same incident in 1967. It is with a heavy heart that we acknowledge the nine separate occasions on which the USBP has experienced the devastating loss of two Agents/Inspectors in a single event, totaling 18 fallen. We honor their memory and sacrifice, with their names listed below:
Enjoy and have a great week! Cliff P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it. ESPRIT DE CORPSThe workplace climate resulting from a combination of organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees. The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale. Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees. Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps. THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEKDOCUMENTS AND EVENTS1922
1926
1927
1936
1939
1940
1954
1955
1967
2001
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD |
The Challenge The United States Border Patrol (USBP), a crucial branch of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), is in the midst of a serious crisis. Over the past decade, CBP has consistently ranked in the lower decile of the Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys. In the most recent evaluation, it found itself at a troubling 419th position out of a total of 432 subcomponent agencies. |
A statistic that starkly highlights the severity of the issue is that a mere 2% of applicants successfully navigate the recruitment process to become a Border Patrol Agent. 98% of applicants fail to become Border Patrol Agents! This startling figure is a testament to the systemic challenges that are preventing our efforts to bolster the USBP's ranks.
A Significant Roadblock: The Polygraph Test CBP's current polygraph testing protocol, administered by the Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR), plays a significant role in this troubling trend. See the CBP Polygraph website here. |
While the polygraph test is mandated by the Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010 (codified in 6 U.S. Code § 221), the high rate of failure or withdrawal raises questions, not necessarily about the validity of the polygraph itself, but rather about the administration of the test by the OPR.
Psychologists generally agree that polygraph tests, while not foolproof in detecting deceit, can serve as stress detectors, given that they measure various physiological reactions incited by a wide range of emotions.
If administered appropriately, the polygraph test could be a useful tool in the recruitment process. However, the current administration methodology employed by the OPR appears to be creating a significant barrier for otherwise eligible and enthusiastic candidates. This issue further complicates the already challenging task of alleviating the staffing shortage at USBP.
Taking A Closer Look
Even more troubling is the realization that the polygraph examination does not stand in isolation. It is but one component in a series of rigorous steps that each applicant must successfully navigate. Each of these stages presents its own unique set of challenges and discontinuation rates.
Undeniably, the polygraph stage has the highest discontinuation and failure rate. However, it's crucial to understand that the cumulative effect of these multiple stages creates an extremely narrowed funnel. This system, in its entirety, filters out a staggering majority of the candidates. As mentioned before, 98% of individuals who initiate the process to become a Border Patrol agent fall short of completing it! This is not just a statistic, but a daunting reality that underscores the urgent need for reform.
The Need for Change
In light of these considerations, it is apparent that a reform of the current hiring process is required. It's crucial to devise a method that remains within the confines of the Anti-Border Corruption Act of 2010 but does not needlessly impede the hiring of competent candidates.
Possible modifications could include a comprehensive review and update of the polygraph procedures, further training for examiners to increase consistency in administering the tests, and enhanced oversight to ensure the integrity of the process.
Moreover, the implementation of more reliable and accurate lie detection technologies, such as those based on functional brain imaging, may be worth exploring.
Call to Action
The issue at hand is not just about staffing numbers; it's about the security of our borders and, ultimately, the security of our nation. It is imperative that we strike a balance between due diligence in hiring and the operational needs of the USBP.
For current and former Border Patrol agents, this issue affects us all. Share this blog, discuss these concerns, and let's advocate for a more effective, equitable, and efficient hiring process. The future of the U.S. Border Patrol depends on it!
We remember two of the Patrol's heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.
During this week, we solemnly remember Douglas C. Shute and James M. Carter, who tragically lost their lives in the same incident in 1956. It is with a heavy heart that we acknowledge the nine separate occasions on which the USBP has experienced the devastating loss of two Agents/Inspectors in a single event, totaling 18 fallen. We honor their memory and sacrifice, with their names listed below:
- Donald Kee and William F. Buckelew in 1954
- Douglas C. Shute and James M. Carter in 1956
- Theodore L. Newton, Jr. and George F. Azrak in 1967
- Friedrich Karl and John S. Blue in 1973
- Susan L. Rodriguez and Ricardo G. Salinas in 1998
- Jesus de la Ossa and Thomas J. Williams in 1998
- Travis W. Attaway and Jeremy M. Wilson in 2004
- Ramon Nevarez, Jr. and David J. Tourscher in 2007
- Hector R. Clark and Eduardo Rojas, Jr. in 2011
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- On June 7, 1918, future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) submitted his first detailed proposal to create Border Patrol. It is in this document that the "Border Patrol" was presented as a proper noun, with capital letters. Berkshire's proposal included numerous patrol inspector ranks, guards, cooks, clerks and stablemen. The plan also included equipment such as automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, wagons, and horses. The plan specified the locations and numbers for all personnel and equipment. The total came to 1,950 employees at a cost of $4 million, including equipment.
1922
- On June 6, 1922, Henry Carpenter Smither Sr. (1873-1930) announced a meeting to discuss whole of government border patrol activities.
- Brigadier General Smither (as a Colonel) was assigned as the federal government's Chief Coordinator with the function of identifying and correcting duplications of effort. With multiple federal agencies performing law enforcement work along the borders, his office took notice.
- Smither would play a role in bills in the late 1920's designed to consolidate federal enforcement actions under a single border patrol within the Department of Labor. See this 1927 article.
- On June 9, 1922, Frank Berkshire wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning a checkpoint that was in use in Oceanside, California. The checkpoint was staffed with one Immigrant Inspector and three Mounted Guards and is the earliest reference to a checkpoint being used for immigration purposes of which I am aware. Therefore, checkpoints for immigration purposes predate the U.S. Border Patrol.
1924
- On June 5, 1924, a letter of recommendation was written to the Commissioner-General on behalf of future Chief of the Border Patrol Willard Kelly (1903-1969). The letter erroneously states that Kelly was 21 years old. Kelly wouldn't turn 21 until June 21, 1924, the same day he was sworn into office.
1926
- On June 10, 1926, the Commissioner-General sent a memo to the Buffalo District Director. The memo informed the District Director the the Commissioner-General had approved and ordered implemented a series of recommendations made by newly promoted Chief of the Border Patrol Ruel Davenport (1878-1961).
- Ruel Davenport had been one of the first two "Chiefs of the Border Patrol" when General Order 61 was signed in March 1926. He was the northern border Chief. The southern border Chief, George Harris (1876-1941).
1927
- On June 6, 1927, Chief of the Border Patrol Ruel Davenport (1878-1961) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General proposing what would become the USBP's first rank insignia.
- Please see the U.S. Border Patrol’s Early Rank and Time-in-Service Insignia page for more information.
- On June 9, 1927, near El Paso, Texas, two Border Patrol Inspectors were involved in a gunfight with alcohol smugglers. This report, states that approximately 30 rounds were exchanged with one smuggler believed to have been wounded. The author of the report, Senior Patrol Inspector Douglas D. Pyeatt (1902-1944), describes the area of the gunfight as being near the location where Patrol Inspector Thad Pippen (1889-1927) had been killed and Senior Patrol Inspector Egbert Crossett (1888-1967) wounded.
1929
- On June 7, 1929, El Paso District Director Grover Wilmoth (1884-1951) wrote a memo to the Chief Patrol Inspectors of the Tucson, El Paso and Marfa Sub-districts concerning the stopping of vehicles. The memo severely curtails the use of "Stop" signs in a manner of use that would be considered a tactical or temporary checkpoint in modern times. Further, the memo demonstrates that Wilmoth is very concerned about the practice and cautions Inspectors that "Travelers my use force to resist illegal restraint and search..."
1933
- On June 10, 1933, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6166, consolidating the Bureaus of Immigration and Naturalization into the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). With the consolidation, immediate actions were taken to significantly reduce the INS work force. The impact on the Border Patrol was felt quickly.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1935
- On June 5, 1935, the Central Office disseminated the results of a shooting challenge that was issued by the Tampa Sub-district.
- On April 11, 1935, in what would prove to lead to the birth of the USBP Pistol Team, the Tampa Sub-district issued a nationwide shooting challenge to all USBP sub-districts, “We will shoot any course of fire at any distance.” See “How did the USBP Pistol Team begin” in the HonorFirst History page for the full story and to find out how Tampa placed after issuing the challenge.
- On June 10, 1935, the Deputy Commissioner issued a memo requesting that each district have their employees shoot competition courses of fire and forward the results to the Central Office. The Central Office used the results to identify Patrol Inspectors that would be selected to compete at Camp Perry, Ohio, marking the birth of the Border Patrol's Pistol Team. See this page for more information.
1950
- On June 5, 1950, former Chief of the Border Patrol Willard Kelly (1903-1969) wrote a letter recommending a path to construct a new Border Patrol Training School utilizing prison labor.
- For decades, the UNICOR Federal Prison Industries has been used to convert vehicles into USBP emergency vehicles.
1954
- The first phase of Operation Wetback also included the initiation of highly visible checkpoint and transportation check operations at locations away from the border. These efforts began on June 9, 1954, and focused on bus and train hubs, and roads leaving the border and leading to the interior.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
2021
- On June 6, 2021, off duty Border Patrol Agent Shon McNeal, while en route to his station, observed a single vehicle accident on Interstate 10 near Buckeye, Arizona. BPA McNeal immediately stopped to render aid to the sole occupant of the vehicle. The driver had sustained a head injury and a severed arm. BPA McNeal immediately applied a tourniquet to the subject's left upper arm. BPA McNeal remained on scene and continued to evaluate the subject's condition until EMS arrived. BPA McNeal went above and beyond the call of duty. His life saving technique of applying a tourniquet ultimately prevented the driver from succumbing to her injuries. BPA McNeal's actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol.
- The narrative on Agent McNeal's commendation certificate doesn't capture the full intensity of the incident due to space constraints. In a scene of chaos and danger, McNeal risked crossing two highway lanes amidst the looming threat of trucks. Upon reaching the accident site, he found himself the primary responder to a victim with a tragically amputated arm. Despite initial attempts failing to stop the bleeding, McNeal effectively applied a tourniquet from his personal first-aid kit, saving her life. Currently, McNeal continues to support the survivor, now adapting to life as an amputee. His actions exemplify the "Honor First" ethos, setting a high standard for all.
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
James P. Moody
Border Patrol Agent
McAllen Sector
Border Patrol Agent James P. Moody was recognized for his courage while under gunfire in placing a gravely wounded fellow officer in a car and driving through that same fire to get to the hospital.
On June 9, 1975 at approximately 0030 hours, Senior Patrol Agent Allen H. Fry and Patrol Agent James P. Moody were performing assigned line-watch duties east of Brownsville, Texas. Observing a suspicious car in a known smuggling area with several people visible in the car, they attempted to stop the vehicle, which immediately took evasive action.
The vehicle was pursued about two miles and SPA Fry driving the government unit was able to force it to stop. Several people immediately attempted to flee and were pursued by PA Moody.
At that time, PA Moody heard a shot and a cry from Fry that he had been hit. Moody immediately returned to the vehicle. Moody observed that Fry had managed to get to the driver's seat and was attempting to radio for assistance.
Moody observing that Fry was gravely injured and bleeding profusely, started around the car to assist Fry when he came under fire from a concealed position to his right.
Eight to ten shots were fired at Moody as he moved around the car, and he returned fire with three rounds from his service revolver. Ignoring his personal safety, he ran under fire to the left side of the Service vehicle and seeing that Fry was in grave danger of bleeding to death, placed him on the rear seat to transport him to the hospital.
Moody, knowing that the shortest route to the hospital was back through the area under fire, drive the car forward about 100 yards, turned around and passed back through the area of the assault, again exposing himself to extreme danger from the assailant and proceeded at a high rate of speed for the hospital. Moody alerted nearby units of the assault and the grave injury, had the hospital alerted of the emergency, which resulted in a doctor and staff being on stand-by awaiting his arrival. There is little doubt that this immediate action saved SPA Fry's life.
1992
Michael W. Snyder
Border Patrol Pilot
Del Rio Sector
On June 9, 1992, Border Patrol Pilot Michael W. Snyder assisted the Uvalde County Sheriff’s Department in saving the life of one swimmer and obtaining much needed medical attention for several others. The Frio River was at flood stage due to recent heavy rains and swimmers were reported stranded. Pilot Snyder flew the Service helicopter directly over the stranded couple and Captain Watkins dropped a rope to the man, who was near exhaustion yet trying to keep his female companion above water and hold on to an inner-tube. After several attempts to get the rope to the man, it became apparent it was not going to work. Pilot Snyder maneuvered the helicopter among tall cypress tress and power lines to obtain visual contact with the peopled in the water, dipped the skid under the man, and nudged the couple towards the banks to several other swimmers who jumped in and pulled them out of the water. Unfortunately, the female did not make it; however, the man was saved and several others were taken by Pilot Snyder to an ambulance to receive medical attention.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
- 3 Mounted Watchmen who served before 1924.
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors who fell between 1924 and 1970.
- 101 courageous Border Patrol Agents who have given their lives since 1970.
- 1 dedicated Enforcement Analysis Specialist.
The names listed below are respected and remembered for their ultimate sacrifice in fulfilling the oath to protect and defend the United States of America.
In preserving the historical context, the descriptions about each officer's circumstances are presented with minimal editing to maintain the original "language of the day".
Complying with the Privacy Act of 1974, any causes of death related to lethal illnesses contracted in the line of duty will not be disclosed.
It's noteworthy that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax's name is inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officer's Memorial, yet his sacrifice is not officially recognized by the Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol.
However, HonorFirst.com proudly acknowledges and includes Agent Gigax among our memorialized heroes.
Douglas C. Shute
Date of Birth: December 31, 1918
Entered on Duty: September 5, 1950
Title: Airplane Pilot
End of Watch: June 6, 1956
Details:
During the morning hours of June 6, 1956, Airplane Pilot Douglas C. Shute was patrolling in a Piper Supercub. He was working with a ground unit engaged in “sign-cutting,” a term applied to locating and following footprints or other physical evidence left by a person in traversing an area. Pilot Shute landed the plane on a roadway and conferred with Patrol Inspectors James M. Carter, Emmit R. Brotherton, and Carter M. Newsome. The ground crew had located the tracks of two persons, which could more readily be checked out by officers in the aircraft. Patrol Inspector James M. Carter decided to serve as observer in the aircraft while the other officers continued to follow the tracks on the ground. Pilot Shute informed the officers by radio that the walkers had been located and instructed to come out of the brush to be picked up by the ground crew.
Shortly thereafter, the plane went into a steep climb and stalled. It began a left spin from which there was no recovery. It struck the ground in vertical descent. The engine was driven back into the cockpit, the force of the impact telescoping the cabin, imprisoning the pilot and observer. Both were killed on impact.
Gravesite
James M. Carter
Date of Birth: February 26, 1921
Entered on Duty: April 25, 1955
Title: Patrol Inspector
End of Watch: June 6, 1956
Details:
Patrol Inspectors James M. Carter and Carter M. Newsome were temporarily detailed from Marfa, Texas, to Comstock, Texas, on June 4, 1956, for a two-week horse patrol operation to work in the vicinity of Comstock. On June 6th these officers, accompanied by Patrol Inspector Emmit R. Brotherton, were about 35 miles north northwest of Comstock engaged in “sign-cutting,” a term applied to locating and following footprints or other physical evidence left by a person traversing an area. The officers had located two sets of footprints and were tracking them when Service aircraft N4375A, piloted by Airplane Pilot Douglas G. Shute, arrived. Thereafter, the aircraft was used in the search operation with Patrol Inspector Carter serving as observer in the plane.
At about 10:00 a.m., the pilot reported by radio that the walkers had been located and directed the ground crew on a course to intercept them. The plane was then seen making a banking turn to the left and resuming level flight at 100 feet altitude. Shortly thereafter, the plane went into a steep climb and at 450 feet, it stalled, falling into a left spin from which there was no recovery. There had been no change in engine power during the maneuver, in the spin, or at impact. The plane struck the ground in vertical descent, the engine being driven back into the cockpit. The force of the impact telescoped the cabin, imprisoning the pilot and observer.
Gravesite
May 28 - June 3
Intro
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History!
Unveiling the Intriguing Past of the U.S. Border Patrol
The Evolution of the Border Patrol:
As you step into this historical tour on the HonorFirst.com's USBP History Page, you'll unearth the progression of the USBP from its early days. See how the title of Border Patrol Inspectors transitioned to Border Patrol Agents in 1970 and how this paralleled the evolution of law enforcement procedures.
A Legacy of Inclusion and Diversity:
Find out about the pioneering individuals who broke racial and gender barriers, marking significant milestones for the Border Patrol. Discover when the first African American and the first female agents joined the ranks, setting precedent for the inclusive workforce the Border Patrol boasts today.
Intriguing Operations and Initiatives:
Did you know the USBP conducted intelligence work as early as 1926? Or that the Border Patrol had a formidable Pistol Team that debuted in 1935? Dive into these intriguing aspects of the Patrol's operations, all documented in rich detail on the USBP History Page.
A Timeless Emblem:
Trace the creation and evolution of the Border Patrol's official emblem – a symbol of honor, duty, and integrity, and the evolution of the USBP uniform that has changed over the years to meet the demands of a dynamic and challenging border environment.
Don't forget to check out the rich contributions of Joseph Banco, a retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent and prolific author who has detailed the fascinating history of the USBP in his book series "HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol." You can find his well-researched books sold here at the Border Patrol Museum and learn more about him here. Also, make sure you visit Joe's website at www.migrajoe.com.
Each click, each page, each story on the USBP History Page unfolds like a chapter from an epic tale – a tale of courage, resilience, and unwavering dedication to the security and sovereignty of the United States. Start your journey now and share in the proud history of the U.S. Border Patrol!
Visit HonorFirst.com's USBP History Page and our photo USBP Photo Galleries!
This week, join us on a fascinating journey through the U.S. Border Patrol's history. We'll explore key memos from the 1920s outlining manpower and financial challenges, delve into the competitive spirit of the Patrol in 1931, and uncover the dynamics of leadership in 1933. We'll touch upon the solemn tribute to fallen officers in 1936, and the unexpected regulations for left-handed officers in 1937. Fast-forward to "The Airlift" initiative of 1951, we'll uncover innovative solutions to border control. We'll conclude in the late 20th century with Operation Short Stop and the groundbreaking Enforcement Case Tracking System. Discover these intriguing stories and more in this week's exciting exploration!
We remember four of the Patrol's heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.
We remember four of the Patrol's fallen on the anniversaries of their deaths.
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- On June 2, 1924, El Paso District Director and future Chief of the Border Patrol George Harris (1876-1941) sent a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning the Border Patrol manpower in the district which was comprised of modern-day Tucson, El Paso and Big Bend Sectors.
- This document clearly shows the absorption of Mounted Guards into the Border Patrol. Which was a money saving concept proposed by future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) in this 1918 document.
- On June 3, 1924, the San Antonio District Director sent a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning the Border Patrol manpower in the district which was comprised of modern-day Del Rio, Laredo and Rio Grande Valley Sectors.
1925
- On June 2, 1925, William H. Wagner (1878-1956) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning the positions and salaries within the Border Patrol. The memo also recommended a reduction in personnel due to an anticipated reduced budget.
1926
- On May 29, 1926, the District Director for the Montreal District (District #1), Harry R. Landis (1880-1950), wrote a 5-page memo to the Commissioner-General concerning the newly disseminated General Order 61. Several items of interest are contained in the memo:
- District #1 covered Maine to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan,
- It telegraphs the creation (in name) of Houlton Sector, and
- Provides an interesting insight to the implementation of General Order 61.
1931
- On June 2, 1931, a memo was written that reported Border Patrol Inspector Charles Askins, Jr's (1907-1999) shooting scores and qualifications from 1925. There were no accompanying documents to provide context.
- At the request of the Central Office, on June 3, 1931, El Paso District Director Grover Cleveland Wilmoth (1884-1951) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General reporting the shooting scores achieved by his personnel. Wilmoth went on to recommend sending Patrol Inspectors from all districts to the annual competition in Camp Perry, which would happen in four years later and be the birth of the U.S. Border Patrol Pistol Team.
- At the request of the San Antonio District Director, on June 3, 1931, the Laredo Sub-district Chief Patrol Inspector Hubert P. Brady (1895-1957) wrote a memo concerning top shooting scores for his sub-district. He reported only one Patrol Inspector having scored well enough to have been reported, James W. Leflar (1902-1966). Records from 1939 would show that Leflar became an Immigrant Inspector. It is unknown if he ever returned to the Patrol.
1933
- On May 31, 1933, a memo was written to the Commissioner-General. The memo is signed by "Acting Director of Border Patrol, Canadian Border District", Ruel Davenport.
- Ruel Davenport (1878-1961) had been one of the first two "Chiefs of the Border Patrol" when General Order 61 was signed in 1926. He was the northern border Chief. The southern border Chief, George Harris (1876-1941). George Harris rotated out of his assignment in 1927 leaving Davenport to be the Patrol's sole Chief until 1932 when the short-lived two border district approach was implemented. Davenport was not selected to lead the Canadian Border District, Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) was selected to be the Director. Davenport was selected to be his second in command.
1936
- Prior to the move to Philadelphia, the INS’ Central Office and in turn, Border Patrol, were located in the Department of Labor Building at the corner of 14th Street and Constitution Avenue in Washington, DC, which was built in 1935. In the building’s northwest entrance lobby is a dimly lit memorial with the engraved names 33 officers of the INS that were killed in the line of duty between 1919 and 1940. Approved by Congress on May 28, 1936, under Joint Resolution 439, engraving of the memorial commenced shortly thereafter.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
- Also see page 7997 of this document.
- On June 3, 1937, a memo was issued authorizing "the wearing of cross straps over the right shoulder by those officers who are left handed".
1951
- In June 1, 1951, the U.S. Border Patrol began a new initiative to transport illegal aliens into the interior of Mexico. Dubbed “The Airlift,” the Service contracted with “Flying Tiger Lines” to use “converted C-46 Troop Transports” to transport Mexican aliens to the interior of Mexico.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
1977
- Operation Short Stop commenced on June 1, 1977, and was terminated on January 5, 1978. Operation Short Stop would become the model for future forward deployment and linewatch operations and the development of the Southwest Border Strategy. As part of Operation Shortstop, 100 Agents were deployed from other sectors to the Chula Vista Sector to enhance linewatch and checkpoint operations.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
1979
- The Border Patrol obtained its first OH-6A on May 31, 1979.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
- ...on June 3, 1980, with the graduation of Session 133, Tampa Station Patrol Agent in Charge Calvin Vaughn presented his newlywed wife, Donna DeLuca with her graduation certificate at FLETC Glynco. Chief Roger Brandemuehl witnessed history as this was the first time a Border Patrol Agent husband presented his wife with her Border Patrol Academy graduation certificate, and the Chief would also recognize her as being number three in her class academically and one of the top shooters.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
1994
- The Enforcement Case Tracking System (ENFORCE) would allow Agents to automate the preparation of paperwork necessary to process immigration cases. Previously, Agents had to rely on manual typewriters to enter the information or use “homemade” programs to automate the processing, but they were not standard from Sector to Sector. ENFORCE began being deployed in San Diego Sector on June 1, 1994, with four sites as the system pilot.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
Jose Cisneros
Border Patrol Agent
Yuma Sector
Theodore E. Huebner
Border Patrol Agent
Yuma Sector
On June 3, 1991, seven-year-old Adrian Rose and his stepfather, Randy Velasquez, had been fishing the Arizona bank of the Colorado River. Later that evening, they decided to swim to the California side. Adrian reiterated that they had not expected the river’s current to be so swift and were swept away into the main channel as they entered the water. He witnessed his stepfather cry out and then slip under the water and not resurface. Adrian managed to swim to a spot in the river where he was able to cling to a bush and keep his head above water. He spent several hours there calling for help and described the water as very cold and very fast.
Border Patrol Agents Jose Cisneros and Theodore E. Huebner were performing Border Patrol operations along the Arizona side of the Colorado River, near the Morelos Dam on June 4, 1991. At approximately 2:30 a.m., they heard Randy’s cries for help coming from the California side of the river. Border Patrol agents working the California side were summoned for assistance. After a coordinated effort between the agents, they pinpointed the location of the cries. Agents observed a child in the river, up to his chest in the swift moving water. Agents on the California side of the river, nearest the child, made several attempts to reach him but were hindered by the thick brush that lined the river’s bank.
Realizing that time was vital if they were going to rescue the boy from drowning, Agents Theodore Huebner and Jose Cisneros elected to attempt the rescue from their side of the river. Disregarding their own safety, in the hours of darkness, they unselfishly entered the river into unseen hazards. By wading and swimming, they crossed approximately 200 yards of river to reach seven-year-old Adrian Rose and carried him to safety. The location of the rescue was about ¾ of a mile north of Morelos Dam, where water from the Colorado River is diverted into Mexico. The Imperial County Diver’s Team estimated the water’s temperature on that day at 55 degrees and flowing at a rate of 1.5 feet per second.
The river at this point varies in depth, is approximately 200 yards wide, and is covered with quick sand and deep holes. Due to the varying strong undercurrents, these conditions change constantly and are unpredictable.
This stretch of the Colorado River has been the site of numerous boating mishaps and drownings. Although this information is common knowledge to the general public and Border Patrol agents alike, Agents Huebner and Cisneros knowingly entered the river without regard for their personal safety, to accomplish the rescue of Adrian Rose.
1998
Alexander Kirpnick
(1970-1998)
Border Patrol Agent
Tucson Sector
Posthumously Awarded
On June 3, 1998, Border Patrol Agent Alexander Kirpnick was assigned patrol duties at Ephraim and Mariposa Canyons in the Nogales area of the Tucson Sector during the midnight shift. He and his partner responded to sensor traffic.
About an hour after setting up, they heard foot traffic approaching and spotted five individuals carrying what appeared to be illegal contraband. When the suspects came closer, the agents identified themselves as Border Patrol agents and moved forward to contact the suspects.
Agent Kirpnick moved toward two suspects close to him and his partner moved toward three in his area. Agent Kirpnick’s partner heard Agent Kirpnick order the two suspects to sit down and soon after heard a gunshot. He then went to Agent Kirpnick’s position and found him prone with a wound in the head. Agent Kirpnick passed away at the University Medical Center in Tucson.
2023
Javier A. Padilla - award set 1, award set 2
Border Patrol Agent
Tucson, Arizona
On May 30, 2022, Border Patrol Agent (BPA) Javier Padilla was performing the duties of a Field Training Officer (FTO) for two BPA trainees in the vicinity of Amado, Arizona, when he observed a Chevrolet Trailblazer crash into a ditch. As Agent Padilla rushed to render aid, he realized there was a fire beneath the SUV and the doors had been rendered inoperable by the crash. Amid rapidly increasing heat and smoke, Agent Padilla led the effort to extract and relocate to safety a total of seven subjects seconds before the entire accident scene was engulfed in flames. Without his immediate and decisive action taken with no regard for his own safety, seven people would have perished. Border Patrol Agent Javier Padilla's courage and willingness to lay down his own life for others brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
- 3 Mounted Watchmen who served before 1924.
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors who fell between 1924 and 1970.
- 101 courageous Border Patrol Agents who have given their lives since 1970.
- 1 dedicated Enforcement Analysis Specialist.
The names listed below are respected and remembered for their ultimate sacrifice in fulfilling the oath to protect and defend the United States of America.
In preserving the historical context, the descriptions about each officer's circumstances are presented with minimal editing to maintain the original "language of the day".
Complying with the Privacy Act of 1974, any causes of death related to lethal illnesses contracted in the line of duty will not be disclosed.
It's noteworthy that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax's name is inscribed on the National Law Enforcement Officer's Memorial, yet his sacrifice is not officially recognized by the Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol.
However, HonorFirst.com proudly acknowledges and includes Agent Gigax among our memorialized heroes.
Benjamin T. Hill
Date of Birth: October 23, 1901
Entered on Duty: May 14, 1929
Title: Patrol Inspector
End of Watch: May 30, 1929
Historic documents of the shooting.
Details:
Patrol Inspector Benjamin T. Hill was shot and killed near the international boundary, El Paso, Texas, on May 30, 1929, while pursuing a narcotics smuggler he had seen cross the Rio Grande River. While being pursued on foot through an alley, the smuggler suddenly wheeled and shot Inspector Hill through the heart, killing him instantly.
Gravesite
1998
Alexander Kirpnick
Date of Birth: September 9, 1970
Entered on Duty: September 25, 1996
Title: Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch: June 3, 1998
Details:
On June 3, 1998, Agent Alexander Kirpnick was assigned patrol duties at Ephraim and Mariposa Canyons in the Nogales area of the Tucson Sector during the midnight shift. He and his partner responded to sensor traffic. About an hour after setting up, they heard foot traffic approaching and spotted five individuals carrying what appeared to be illegal contraband. When the suspects came closer, the agents identified themselves as Border Patrol Agents and moved forward to contact the suspects.
Agent Kirpnick moved toward two suspects close to him and his partner moved toward three in his area. Agent Kirpnick’s partner heard him order the two suspects to sit down and soon after heard a gunshot. He then went to Agent Kirpnick’s position and found him prone with a wound in the head. Agent Kirpnick passed away at the University Medical Center in Tucson.
Agent Kirpnick, an immigrant from the Ukraine, was a graduate of the 322nd session of the U.S. Border Patrol Academy in Charleston, South Carolina.
Gravesite
2014
Alexander I. Giannini
Date of Birth October 14, 1989
Entered on Duty: October 16, 2008
Title: Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch: May 28, 2014
Details:
On May 28, 2014, Border Patrol Agent Alexander I. Giannini, of the Willcox Station, was involved in an on-duty, single-vehicle accident on Interstate 10 near Benson, Arizona. He died of injuries at the hospital shortly after the accident. Another agent in the vehicle was transported to the hospital with minor injuries.
Agent Giannini, 24, entered on duty with the U.S. Border Patrol on October 16, 2008, as a member of the 822nd session of the Border Patrol Academy. He served the Willcox Station loyally throughout his career.
Agent Giannini is survived by his mother, father, sister and fiancée.
Burial Details Unknown
2021
Juan M. Urrutia
Date of Birth: July 28, 1975
Entered on Duty: August 4, 2003
Title: Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch: May 28, 2021
Details:
Agent Urrutia entered on duty on August 4, 2003, as part of the 560th Session of the Border Patrol Academy. He was first assigned to the Falfurrias Station in what was then called the McAllen Sector in Texas. The circumstances of his passing were reviewed by an executive panel and the CBP Commissioner who determined that this death occurred in the line of duty. At the time of his passing, he was assigned to the Brownsville Station, Rio Grande Valley Sector, Texas. He was also a certified EMT/Paramedic.
He is survived by his wife: Shayla Lee Urrutia; Brothers: Martin J. Urrutia, Carlos Urrutia, David Urrutia: and his sisters; Juvita Urrutia and Maria Barron-Urrutia.
Gravesite
May 21 - May 27
Intro
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History!
(Cue the music!)
As a cherished member of the United States Border Patrol family, you are undoubtedly familiar with the challenges we face today. Amidst these trials, it is essential to remember the vital role we play in our nation's security and the proud history that guides our efforts. This piece is an affirmation of our past, a nod to our present, and a beacon for our future. It is an exploration of our organizational motto "Honor First," the deeply embedded esprit de corps within our ranks, and the evolving landscape of our duties.
Steeped in History, Bound by Honor
Our motto "Honor First" dates back to 1926. It became the cornerstone of our ethos, resonating with integrity, honesty, righteousness, and trustworthiness. With it, we have navigated through the turbulent and challenging times of our duty, always upholding the laws, rules, and policies of our land. Its influence is imprinted in our historic 1928 document that emphasized integrity in our guidelines for Border Patrol Inspectors. It speaks of our unwavering commitment to righteousness and virtue, regardless of the challenges we face.
Our Statutory Mandate and Purpose
The U.S. Code encapsulates our primary duties as a crucial arm of law enforcement in our nation. According to 6 U.S. Code § 211, we serve as the primary force responsible for interdicting persons attempting to illegally enter or exit the United States. It is our mandate to deter and prevent the illegal entry of terrorists, contraband, and unauthorized persons. Yet, our responsibilities extend beyond this. We carry out other duties and powers as prescribed by the Commissioner, demonstrating our versatility and resourcefulness in protecting our nation's borders.
Addressing Today’s Challenges
We are not blind to the feelings of being overwhelmed in the face of an unprecedented surge in illegal entrants. The sheer magnitude of the task at hand, coupled with perceived and real constraints, can lead to feelings of frustration and inefficacy. It is essential to remember, though, that every challenge we face is an opportunity for us to grow stronger and adapt. Each individual effort, each apprehension, contributes to our overall mission. Our task might seem Sisyphean, but we are not alone in this struggle. Our collective strength lies in our unity, resilience, and dedication.
A Mandate for Leadership
A profound concept offered by Simon Sinek teaches us that leadership is not about being in charge, but about taking care of those in our charge. It's a principle that needs to be brought to the forefront of our organization, especially now when our workforce is strained under an enormous challenge.
To the leaders within the United States Border Patrol, this is our mandate: Recognize that the strength of our organization lies squarely in the dedicated men and women serving on our frontlines. In the face of unprecedented pressures, your commitment must be to these individuals, first and foremost. Understand that the state of their well-being, morale, and sense of fulfillment directly impacts the execution of our mission.
Every effort, every shift, every day that our workforce serves is a testament to their unwavering dedication. They are not just serving as border patrol agents; they are upholding our national values in one of the most challenging environments possible. This dedication must be seen, acknowledged, and celebrated.
The role of leadership is not to just direct; it's to care, to support, to inspire. Create an environment where our agents feel valued and supported. Invest in their well-being and professional development. Engage with them, listen to their concerns, appreciate their efforts, and make it abundantly clear that they are our most valued asset.
It is time to realign our leadership strategy with this principle. When we, as leaders, prioritize taking care of our people, they will excel in taking care of our mission. In doing so, we are not just upholding our sacred responsibility as leaders; we are also honoring the essence of our motto, "Honor First".
The Humanitarian Aspect of Our Mission
While enforcement is a key aspect of our duties, let's not forget the humanitarian component of our work. We encounter individuals and families in desperate situations, and we strive to treat each person with the respect and dignity they deserve, even as we uphold our laws. This display of humanity distinguishes us, elevating our mission beyond routine law enforcement. Our compassion showcases the spirit of the Patrol and encapsulates the honor we bear with our uniform.
Pride in our Past, Faith in our Future
The challenges we face today are not new. Our work has been a topic of national significance for over a century, as reflected in Frank P. Sargent’s 1905 report. This historical perspective offers comfort and wisdom as we navigate current events. We have faced significant challenges before and emerged stronger, and there is no reason we cannot do so again.
- Notwithstanding the length to which it has extended, I do not feel, in presenting the report of its operations during the third year of my administration, that the work of the Bureau has been fully reported; neither do I feel that it could properly have been further abbreviated. The subject of immigration is the most far-reaching in importance of all those with which this Government has to deal. The history of the world offers no precedent for our guidance, since no such peaceful invasion of alien peoples has ever before occurred. It must have great and largely unforeseen effects upon our form of civilization, our social and political institutions, and, above all, upon the physical, mental, and moral characteristics of our people.
Can such a subject be considered too seriously or too minutely? I cannot think it possible. The danger lies in the opposite direction.
Frank P. Sargent
Commissioner-General of Immigration
Conclusion
Today, more than ever, we need to remember the lessons of our history, the value of our people, and the importance of the humanity we extend in our duty. We are more than law enforcement officers; we are the guardians of our nation's borders and the protectors of our nation's values. Let us find renewed strength in our shared commitment to protect and serve, embodying our motto, "Honor First," in every aspect of our duty.
(The music fades to silence...)
We remember five of the Patrol's heroes on the anniversary of their Newton-Azrak Award actions.
We remember three of the Patrol's fallen on the anniversaries of their deaths.
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- On May 23, 1906, a document was approved that defined the pay of the eleven positions in the Bureau of Immigration.
1922
- On May 27, 1922, the Commissioner-General wrote a short letter to future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934). The letter concerning a "conference on cooperation in border work".
- The Commissioner-General references Berkshire's April 13, 1922, memo concerning the suggestion of merging aspects of the Customs Service with the Immigration Service. In that memo, Berkshire gave his opinion of the proposed merge, dividing his answer into two parts, administrative and patrolling functions. Berkshire did not support merging customs and immigration inspection functions (which would occur in 2003 under CBP/OFO). However, he did support merging all federal border patrol functions under one organization.
1928
- On May 25, 1928, Nicholas Donald “Nick” Collaer (1896-1977) authored a letter recommending that Patrol Inspector Harry V. Ellis (1889-1959) not receive a promotion to Chief Patrol Inspector due to Ellis' lack of initiative. Ellis is listed in a December 1929, roster (page 16) as a Senior Patrol Inspector.
- Nick Collaer would be the 7th Chief of the Border Patrol (1948-1950).
- On May 26, 1928, a report was written concerning a shooting that occurred in the Big Bend Sub-district involving Patrol Inspector Shellie Guy Barnes (1896-1964), a U.S. Customs officer and an alcohol smuggler.
1929
- On May 23, 1929, El Paso District Director Grover Cleveland Wilmoth (1884-1951) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General requesting rank and time-in-service fabric. The fabric was controlled by the Central Office (HQ). See this page for a deeper dive on the Border Patrol's early rank and time-in-service insignia. A few notes of interest, the memo references:
- The General Order 42, the Border Patrol's first uniform policy, and
- The supplements to General Order 42.
1941
- The first autogiro to crash was piloted by Ned Henderson (1905-1945) and departed from San Antonio for Laredo on May 24, 1941. Henderson reported rotor blade trouble and was forced to crash land at Millet, Texas, near Cotulla. Henderson was bruised and fractured the ulna bone in his right forearm, but otherwise not seriously hurt.874 The aircraft was “completely wrecked.” After the crash, Henderson pleaded with Chief Supervisor Kelly (1903-1921) to continue the autogiro program,
- "I regret very much the bad luck with the autogiro and trust it will not cause them to be discontinued. I did my very best to get the ship down undamaged. The odds were against me in this instance, but I am as enthusiastic as before and believe them ideal for this work."
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1942
- On May 21, 1942, the Army Transport S.S. Algonquin arrived in New Orleans from the Canal Zone with 40 German enemy aliens. Three Patrol Inspectors from the San Antonio District and one from the New Orleans District were assigned to guard the Germans on their bus trip to the Kenedy Detention Camp.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume I by Joseph Banco
1952
- On May 21, 1952, the El Paso District and the County of El Paso entered into a lease agreement to house the Border Patrol Training School. The lease was $1.00 per year. The location was identified as the Ascarate Park.
1954
- Operation Wetback - Chief Harlon Carter (1913-1991) flew out to El Centro, California, on May 22, 1954, to meet with El Paso Assistant Chief Patrol Inspector Donald Coppock (1910-2011) and El Paso Chief Patrol Inspector Griffith McBee (1896-1972) as well as several other Southwest Border Chiefs to formulate a plan for an operation to aggressively address the illegal aliens through an enforcement “drive” beginning in the Los Angeles District and moving up to Northern California.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
1999
- As part of ceremonies commemorating the 75th Anniversary, the new flag of the United States Border Patrol was raised nationwide at all Border Patrol facilities at 1000 hours on May 27, 1999. (see below)
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
2005
- A Newton-Azrak Memorial was dedicated at the U.S. Border Patrol Museum in El Paso, TX, on May 27, 2005. During the dedication ceremony Harold Newton, brother of Theodore Newton, made the following statement;
- To the officers of the U.S. Border Patrol: Your organization is unique and one ofa kind. You patrol by foot, by horse, with your dog, on a bike or motorcycle, in the air by plane or helicopter, in your jeep, ATV or other vehicle, and by patrol boat or any other means that becomes necessary. When other Federal agencies need your help, you are ready, be it the Coast Guard, Treasury, Customs, the FBI or Federal Marshals. Your intensive training skills and experience are of such diverse and unique magnitude that you are immediately courted and in demand by other federal agencies. Your very training itself is based on and stems from the Newton and Azrak killings and circumstances thereof. And today, after 9/11, your duties have become even more diverse, more unique and more important. You are confronted by drug smugglers, illegal immigrants, terrorists and other criminals. Still you persevere.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
Joel C. Hardin
Border Patrol Agent
Bellingham, Washington
On Thursday, May 24, 1979, Artie Ray Baker, who had escaped from prison, arrived from Canada at the Lynden Port of Entry with a female companion. Baker's car was selected for a routine inspection. Baker was referred to Customs Inspector Kenneth G. Ward for further examination inside the port-of-entry building. Once inside the building, Baker, fearing he would be caught, pulled a .45 caliber pistol from behind his back, shot and killed Inspector Ward. Baker and his companion fled the port-of-entry in his car.
A short time later, Baker drove off-road and his car became stuck. Baker and his companion fled on foot and a large law enforcement search ensued.
One of the searchers was Border Patrol Agent Joel Hardin. Even though the dogs and searching officers had obliterated most of Baker's tracks, Agent Hardin eventually found his trail. Accompanied by two local law enforcement officers with shotguns, Agent Hardin proceeded slowly to track Baker through the woods. He found where Baker had taken his boots off and had circled back, and where he hid in a tree. Agent Hardin pointed out where Baker had paused to put his boots on again, confident he had lost the tracking dogs.
At about 8:00 a.m. Agent Hardin was closing in when a Bellingham Police detective spotted Baker crouching in the bushes, preparing to make a dash across Mission Road. The detective approached from behind, aimed his shotgun at Baker and ordered him to "freeze." Baker surrendered without a struggle, still in possession of the loaded .45 caliber pistol he used to kill Inspector Ward.
Agent Harding was recognized with the Newton-Azrak Award for his part in capturing Baker.
1983
Bruce D. Sanny
Border Patrol Agent
San Diego Sector
Border Patrol Agent Bruce D. Sanny was recognized for his courageous actions performed on May 23, 1983, in successfully stopping a driver-less van with three occupants, which was in danger of plummeting down a 100-foot cliff.
2022
Warren Becker III
Border Patrol Agent (BORTAC)
Del Rio, Texas
On May 24, 2022, at approximately 12:35 PM, BORTAC Agent Warren Becker responded to an urgent call-out at the Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. Along with fellow BORTAC and BORSTAR agents, Becker found himself in the midst of a chaotic and dangerous active shooter situation. Demonstrating both courage and resolve, Becker stood at the front line, holding a ballistic shield to provide cover for his team as they prepared to breach the shooter's location. Despite the imminent threat, Becker bravely maintained his position, ultimately leading the entry into the classroom where the shooter was located. His courage under fire, unwavering commitment to the safety of his team and the victims, and his role in neutralizing the threat brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol.
Paul Guerrero
Supervisory Border Patrol Agent (BORTAC)
Del Rio, Texas
On May 24, 2022, at approximately 11:45 AM, BORTAC Commander Paul Guerrero responded to an active shooter call at the Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. With multiple law enforcement agencies on scene and the situation rapidly evolving, Guerrero took charge and assumed tactical command. Amidst confusion and misinformation, he maintained composure and clarity of mission. Upon obtaining a master key, Guerrero made the critical decision to lead his team into the room believed to contain the shooter, exposing himself to potential gunfire. His decisive actions resulted in the successful neutralization of the threat, and his clear command facilitated the swift evacuation and triage of wounded victims. Commander Paul Guerrero's exemplary leadership and courageous actions under fire brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol.
Christopher P. Merrell - award certificate
Border Patrol Agent (BORSTAR)
Del Rio, Texas
On May 24, 2022, at approximately 11:45 AM, Border Patrol Agent (BPA) Christopher Merrell responded to an active shooter call-out at the Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. Multiple law enforcement agencies were already on the scene and had provided a perimeter. They believed the subject was confined in a classroom. BPA Merrell provided cover as the team made their way to the door. As BPA Merrell began to scan the room, he observed the subject coming out of the closet firing towards the team. BPA Merrell immediately started engaging the subject until there was no longer a threat. BPA Merrell continued to provide cover as the team finished clearing the rooms and began helping the wounded inside the classroom. BPA Merrell's actions brought great credit upon himself and the United States Border Patrol.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
Titles
- 3 Mounted Watchmen fell before 1924 and are carried as Border Patrol fallen
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors fell between 1924 and 1970
- 101 Border Patrol Agents have fallen since 1970
- 1 Enforcement Analysis Specialist
The names that appear below hold a place of honor. They have made the ultimate sacrifice in an effort to fulfill the oath each officer took to protect and defend the United States of America.
The facts regarding each officer are presented without major editing of the "language of the day" found in the reports detailing the circumstances of each event. This is done to provide the reader an association with historical timeframes.
Employees who died in the line of duty due to being exposed to deadly illnesses will not have the cause of death listed.
I will note that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax is not recognized as officially fallen by Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol. The Border Patrol Foundation and the Border Patrol Museum also fail to recognize him. He is remembered by all except organizations containing "Border Patrol" in their title. He is remembered by the:
- National Law Enforcement Officer Memorial (see this link),
- Officer Down memorial Page (see this link), and
- Texas Peace Officer's Memorial (see this link).
The U.S. Border Patrol, the Border Patrol Foundation, and the Border Patrol Museum should fix their oversight.
HonorFirst.com remembers and lists Agent Gigax among the fallen.
Cruz C. McGuire
Date of Birth: January 19, 1962
Entered on Duty: September 30, 1984
Title: Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch: May 21, 2009
Details:
Border Patrol Agent Cruz McGuire, of the Del Rio Texas Station, collapsed the morning of May 21, 2009. Attempts by his fellow agents and medical professionals to revive him were unsuccessful. At the time of his collapse, Agent McGuire was working a trail with other agents.
Agent McGuire began his career in law enforcement with the Del Rio Police Department and later joined the Kinney County Sheriff’s Office. Agent McGuire graduated with the 166th Session of the Border Patrol Academy and was assigned to the Kingsville Station. Agent McGuire transferred to the Del Rio Station on April 12, 1998.
Gravesite
2010
Mark F. Van Doren
Date of Birth: July 18, 1969
Entered on Duty: January 19, 2009
Title: Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch: May 24, 2010
Details:
On May 23, 2010, Border Patrol Agent Mark F. Van Doren was in a vehicle accident while on patrol when his vehicle collided with a large bull on rural Farm-to-Market Road 755 in Brooks County, Texas. After the impact, his vehicle veered off the road- way and hit a tree. Agent Van Doren died on May 24, 2010 as a result of his injuries. His partner was critically injured in the crash, but survived.
Agent Van Doren was a native of Garden City, Michigan. He was a member of the 849th Session of the Border Patrol Academy assigned to the Falfurrias Border Patrol Station within the Rio Grande Sector.
Burial Details Unknown
2017
Isaac Morales
Date of Birth October 15, 1986
Entered on Duty: February 18, 2008
Title: Border Patrol Agent
End of Watch: May 24, 2017
Details:
On May 20, 2017, while off-duty in El Paso, Texas, Border Patrol Agent Isaac Morales was confronted by an assailant with a knife. Agent Morales identified himself as a law enforcement officer, and while attempting to disarm the assailant, Agent Morales was stabbed multiple times. Agent Morales succumbed to his injuries four days later, passing away on May 24, 2017. The killer was arrested and charged with murder.
Agent Morales entered on duty with the U.S. Border Patrol on February 18, 2008, as a member of the 749th session of the Border Patrol Academy, and was assigned to the Ysleta Station in the El Paso Sector. Agent Morales served with the United States Border Patrol for over 9 years.
Gravesite
May 14 - May 20
Intro
Welcome to another This Week in USBP History!
In the spirit of constant growth and improvement, I've revamped the format of our blog. I hope you'll find it even more engaging and easier to navigate. As always, I'm eager to hear your thoughts and feedback.
The Injustice Hidden in Plain Sight
Have you ever had a moment of revelation that changed your path forever? I had one of those in 2018. As the Border Patrol’s Awards Coordinator, I was standing before a display of the Patrol's fallen, during the time I was drafting the USBP's Honorary Awards policy. I was confronted by the faces of our honored, and a shocking realization hit me - our Purple Cross Medal system was severely flawed.
This prestigious honor, meant to commemorate the wounds and injuries suffered by our brave Border Patrol Agents, was so restricted in its criteria that only a handful of our fallen would ever qualify. The harsh reality was that even death wasn't enough to earn the Purple Cross. It was a bitter pill to swallow, and I knew something had to change.
The Purple Cross: A Legacy of Sacrifice
As we journey through Police Week in Washington D.C., we honor our nation's law enforcement officers who lost their lives in the line of duty over the past year. This week also extends recognition to officers from years past, such as Border Patrol Inspector Orin F. Hush , whose name was added to the Patrol’s honor roll nearly a century after his 1927 death.
The following names join the distinguished Honor Roll of the Patrol this year:
- Border Patrol Inspector Orin F. Hush (1896-1927)
- Border Patrol Agent Daniel H. Salazar (1982-2022)
- Border Patrol Agent Raul H. Gonzalez Jr. (1984-2022)
A Personal Journey Towards Reform
Propelled by a sense of justice, I aimed to redraft the criteria for the Purple Cross, only to be met with unexpected resistance. I remember one conversation with a headquarters Associate Chief. Under the new criteria I proposed, his significant injuries suffered early in his career would qualify him for the Purple Cross. Yet, he was staunchly against my proposal. I reminded him of the state of the low morale of the Border Patrol workforce and informed him, “You are part of the problem!”
Triumph in Reform
However, by 2020, my drafted Purple Cross criteria had been approved, with Chief Scott's signature. This revised criteria was a significant leap towards recognizing the sacrifices of service of the workforce. It provided a broader scope of recognition, ensuring that those who sustained permanent impairments, fatal injuries, or injuries from an assault in the line of duty, were aptly honored. This allowed the Patrol to better acknowledge the valiant service and immense sacrifice of the workforce, ensuring that the families of agents who die in the line of duty would receive a tangible symbol of their loved one's service and sacrifice. Furthermore, it created a tier to recognize agents whose injuries were due to the criminal acts of another, a deadly weapon or received during an act of heroism to be distinguished with the addition of a "V" device affixed to their Purple Cross ribbon. The revised Purple Cross criteria served as a testament to the Patrol's commitment to honor every agent's service and sacrifice appropriately.
A Continued Fight for Recognition
As we honor the Patrol’s fallen this week, we must not forget those the Patrol has overlooked. In This Week in USBP History, Vol. 86, I shared an email sent to the CBP Survivor Advocate, imploring a revamp of the Line of Duty Death determination criteria. However, this call to action was met with silence, underscoring the need for continued advocacy.
Even as we add the names of Border Patrol Inspector Orin F. Hush, Border Patrol Agent Daniel H. Salazar, and Border Patrol Agent Raul H. Gonzalez Jr. to our Honor Roll this year, let us also remember those whose sacrifice has not been officially recognized. This includes:
- Patrol Inspector Garvis Field Harrell who died in 1944,
- Border Patrol Agent John “Charlie” Gigax who died in 1999, and
- Border Patrol Agent Alan Aurigema, who was found, still in uniform and in his marked vehicle, hours after his death earlier this year.
The current policy, which restricts recognition to a narrow set of circumstances, often leaves many fallen employees and their grieving families unrecognized. It's time to expand the definition of service-related death to include all duty-related accidents, illnesses, on-duty medical emergencies, and all deaths that are attributable to the employee's work. In cases of uncertainty, decisions should always favor the employee. This would represent a crucial step in CBP and the Patrol in affirming their commitment to honor every agent's and every office's sacrifice of service appropriately.
A Call for Change
The workforce deserves better. Through transparent communication, regular policy reviews, and persistent advocacy for the proposed changes, the Patrol can better value the workforce and ensure the sacrifices made by the fallen agents and their families are appropriately recognized.
Now, we must act. I urge you to join me in advocating for these necessary changes. Reach out to the CBP Survivor Advocate at [email protected] with your thoughts and concerns. Together, let us raise awareness and honor those who serve with the respect they deserve.
This Week's Highlights
This week we highlight a historic photo from the funeral of Agent Jason Panides in 2001. Our historic documents begin in 1914 with a memo about "Junior Inspectors". We have a 1924 memo recommending that the new Border Patrol employees be given the title "Inspectors". The short-lived two border district approach ended in 1933, and much more!
We remember retired Chief Patrol Agent Dan Harris Jr. on the anniversary of his Newton-Azrak Award action.
We remember Patrol Inspector Richard A. Lugo on the anniversary of his death.
Enjoy and have a great week!
Cliff
P.S. - As an open and continuous invitation to current and former USBP employees, I am always accepting photos to post in the USBP Photo Galleries and in the Upholding Honor First pages. I sure would appreciate you visiting those pages and sending me anything that you think I could post (just send them to [email protected]). As always, make sure to explore all of the hyperlinks to the documents and pages. Finally, please forward this blog to whomever you think may enjoy it.
ESPRIT DE CORPS
- Organizational pride is the positive feeling experienced by employees from being part of a meaningful team that is rich in history, tradition and culture.
- Employee morale is the feeling experienced by employee based in part on their perception of:
- Being valued by the organization,
- Fairly compensated, and
- Performing meaningful work.
Esprit de corps is reinforced through the shared goals, mission and values of the organization and its employees.
The definition turns Esprit de Corps into a simple formula and defines parts that comprise organizational pride and employee morale.
Esprit de Corps = Organizational Pride + Employee Morale
Esprit de Corps is the key to a healthy organization and engaged employees.
Honor First is foundational to the Border Patrol's organizational pride and integral to its Esprit de Corps.
THROWBACK PHOTO OF THE WEEK
What can't be seen is that the the tombstones of Jason and Charlie are a mere 100 feet apart. After the formal tribute to Jason, and upon realizing the proximity of Charlie's resting place, the Honor Guard reformed. In a heartfelt impromptu gesture, they extended their solemn rites to include Charlie, offering him and his family the formal ceremony they never had, complete with a flag folding, 21-gun salute, taps, and a rendition of Amazing Grace by the sector pipe band. The photo thus immortalizes a poignant moment of remembrance and respect, capturing the Honor Guard's commitment to their fallen brothers.
DOCUMENTS AND EVENTS
- On May 14, 1914, future Chief and Father of the Border Patrol Frank Berkshire (1870-1934) wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General recommending against expanding the duties of Junior Inspectors, a position that had been announced in 1913.
- In 1924, Border Patrol Inspectors had no immigration authority. By law, authority rested with employees who had the title "Immigrant Inspector" who were paid more than Border Patrol Inspectors. In order that Border Patrol Inspectors might receive legal authority without being paid more, the Commissioner-General wrote a proposal to the Second Assistant Secretary of the Department a Labor requesting to resurrect a plan that was used in 1913 for Mounted Watchmen, and to rename Border Patrol Inspectors, Junior Immigrant Inspectors. See this document.
1922
- On May 18, 1922, a meeting occurred concerning creating a "border patrol". This document gives a highlight of the meeting as well as those in attendance. Interestingly, the meeting was organized by H.P. Perrill who is believed to be U.S. Navy Captain Harlan Page Perrill (1874-1962).
1924
- On May 20, 1924, the Acting District Director of the San Antonio District wrote a memo to the Commissioner-General concerning the title of the new "patrolmen". The author advocates that the new position have the title Inspector, "...a designation which will be more fitting to the work which they will perform..."
1925
- On May 14, 1925, the "Chief, Accounts and Personnel Division" wrote a high-level memo concerning the operating costs and strength of the Border Patrol by position.
1931
- On May 14, 1931, Commissioner-General received a letter from the Executive Vice President of the National Rifle Association. The letter concerned Chief of the Border Patrol Ruel Davenport's (1878-1961) interest in having personal participate in a shooting match that occurred annual at Camp Perry in Ohio.
- Marking the birth of the USBP National Pistol Team, the Border Patrol participated in a 1934 match at Camp Perry. See this page for more information.
1933
- On May 17, 1933, the short-lived two border district approach (1932-1933) came to an end as General Order 203 came into effect reinstating General Order 61 effective June 1, 1933. The two border district approach was created when the two general orders below superseded General Order 61:
- General Order 183 - Created the Director of the Border Patrol for the Mexican Border, Gulf and Florida immigration districts. The district was headquartered in El Paso and George Harris (1876-1941) came back to be the "Chief" for a nonconsecutive term.
- General Order 184 - Created the Director of the Canadian Border District. The district was headquartered in Detroit and Frank Berkshire (1870-1934), the Father of the Border Patrol, became the third person to be "Chief" of the Border Patrol.
1935
- On May 20, 1935, a blueprint for a USBP sub-district headquarters was finalized. Interestingly, the design included a bunk room.
- It is believed that the blueprinting is related to the April 1, 1935, memo written by Chief of the Border Patrol Willard Kelly (1903-1969), one of the earliest documents concerning construction of facilities for the USBP. The USBP had always utilized existing structures for Border Patrol work. This document proposed new construction for the first time.
1936
- On May 18, 1936, it is believed that the first class of the Border Patrol Training School began based on this document.
- A photograph (courtesy of the Border Patrol Museum) of a Border Patrol training class that was in session December 3, 1934 - March 17, 1935, is used as the birthdate of the USBP Academy. It is unknown if Camp Chigas had been used by the El Paso District (Tucson, El Paso and Big Bend Sub-districts) to train district employees before that photo. However, the concept of creating a national academy had been discussed and researched in 1934 (see this document and this document). Records were not kept that identified the date that Camp Chigas began training all Border Patrol new hires and therefore became the national Academy. Nevertheless, 1936 is the year that documents support that having occurred.
- It should be noted, if still standing, the building housing the El Paso Sub-district 2 headquarters and station and, the first national training school (Camp Chigas) would be located in the United States by 10-20 feet. See this page. However, there is a former U.S. Border Patrol building that is still standing that is located in Mexico. It is the Comisión Internacional de Límites y Aguas building. See this page.
1952
- On May 21, 1952, the El Paso District and the County of El Paso entered into a lease agreement to house the Border Patrol Training School. The lease was $1.00 per year. The location was identified as the Ascarate Park.
1956
- On May 16, 1956, two documents were written to support the construction of additional border fencing:
- This document provides a justification for both the fencing that existed at the time as well as the construction of new fencing. On an interesting note, this document provides that the USBP was apprehending approximately 200 aliens per day on the southern border, a striking contrast to modern numbers.
- This document provides estimates for the additional manpower and equipment needed if the request for additional fencing were not approved. the fencing locations are identified as Chula Vista, Calexico, Yuma, El Paso and Brownsville.
- On May 18, 1956, a memo was written concerning the transfer of GS-7 Border Patrol Inspectors. It gives a valuable insight to the INS hierarchy and locations of the time.
1961
- ...the Attorney General ordered the deployment of three hundred and forty-nine Patrol Inspectors to assist with maintaining order during the racial disturbances in the South. Theses deployments began on May 19, 1961, with Border Patrol Inspectors being deployed to Montgomery and Selma, Alabama, Oxford, Mississippi, and Resurrection City, DC.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume II by Joseph Banco
1979
- One of the unique traditions that started at the graduation of the 130th Session on May 16, 1979, was the playing of the Border Patrol March as the graduating trainees walked into the auditorium. The Border Patrol March was composed and arranged by George F. Briegal (1890-1968) and Czerna C. Lafler (1891-1973), two U.S. Army officers in Plattsburgh, New York.
- From - HONOR FIRST: The Story of the United States Border Patrol - Volume Three 1975-1999 by Joseph Banco
2020
- On May 19, 2020, a memo was issued to change the criteria of the USBP Purple Cross.
- The updated criteria allowed the USBP to commemorate the physical sacrifices of workforce suffered due to duty related injuries and wounds inflicted that are attributed to the criminal acts.
- Wounds attributed to criminal acts are distinguished with a "V" device affixed to the suspension ribbon and the ribbon bar.
- Before this update, only agents suffering significant injuries due to the criminal acts on another person would be eligible for the award. Therefore, the majority of the USBP's fallen could not have their deaths commemorated with the decoration. With the update, all past and future agents who die in the line of duty are eligible to receive the award.
- The updated criteria allowed the USBP to commemorate the physical sacrifices of workforce suffered due to duty related injuries and wounds inflicted that are attributed to the criminal acts.
NEWTON-AZRAK AWARD
ACTION ANNIVERSARIES
- An organization’s values are codified in its awards system. Recognizing the achievements, service and heroism of employees is important. It is critical for those in positions of leadership to value the workforce. Awards are a fundamental manner for leaders to demonstrate appreciation to the workforce for upholding the organizational values. – U.S. Border Patrol Honorary Awards
Dan M. Harris Jr. - photo
Assistant Chief Patrol Agent
Marfa Sector
Assistant Chief Patrol Agent Dan M. Harris Jr. was recognized for demonstrating unusual courage during an extremely dangerous and stressful situation on May 17, 2007. Agent Harris was invited to Athens, Texas to be the guest speaker at the Henderson County Peace Officer Memorial Service. During the service, Henderson County Deputy David Harris received a call for emergency backup due to shots being fired at a domestic disturbance. Upon arrival, the deputies began receiving gunfire and tragically, two deputies were shot and killed and another deputy was wounded. Agent Harris exposed himself to extreme risk or loss of life in order to render aid to the wounded deputy. Also being a certified Emergency Medical Technician, he was able to stabilize the wound with the assistance of other deputies.
U.S. BORDER PATROL FALLEN
ANNIVERSARIES
Titles
- 3 Mounted Watchmen fell before 1924 and are carried as Border Patrol fallen
- 49 Border Patrol Inspectors fell between 1924 and 1970
- 101 Border Patrol Agents have fallen since 1970
- 1 Enforcement Analysis Specialist
The names that appear below hold a place of honor. They have made the ultimate sacrifice in an effort to fulfill the oath each officer took to protect and defend the United States of America.
The facts regarding each officer are presented without major editing of the "language of the day" found in the reports detailing the circumstances of each event. This is done to provide the reader an association with historical timeframes.
Employees who died in the line of duty due to being exposed to deadly illnesses will not have the cause of death listed.
I will note that Border Patrol Agent John Charles Gigax is not recognized as officially fallen by Customs and Border Protection or the U.S. Border Patrol. The Border Patrol Foundation and the Border Patrol Museum also fail to recognize him. He is remembered by all except organizations containing "Border Patrol" in their title. He is remembered by the:
- National Law Enforcement Officer Memorial (see this link),
- Officer Down memorial Page (see this link), and
- Texas Peace Officer's Memorial (see this link).
The U.S. Border Patrol, the Border Patrol Foundation, and the Border Patrol Museum should fix their oversight.
HonorFirst.com remembers and lists Agent Gigax among the fallen.
Agent Gigax is buried in Florida's 5th Congressional District. I contacted Congressman John Rutherford for assistance in this case. Please contact the Congressman Rutherford if you would like to help.
Richard A. Lugo
Date of Birth: August 14, 1935
Entered on Duty: July 18, 1966
Title: Patrol Inspector (Trainee)
End of Watch: May 14, 1967
Details:
On May 14, 1967, Patrol Inspectors (Trainee) Richard A. Lugo and Bruce A. Plaskett were assigned to maintain sign cutting drag strips and to deliver tire drags to selected sites. They were enroute from their official station, Yuma, Arizona, to Andrade, California, traveling north on Levee Road at approximately 40 miles per hour. Without advance indication that anything was wrong, the right rear tire of the 1966 International Scout suddenly deflated, causing the rear end of the vehicle to swerve radically. Trainee Lugo lost control of the vehicle, which skidded and overturned. The vehicle came to rest on its left side with the top crushed in almost to the level of the body. Trainee Lugo was killed instantly, his head having been crushed when the vehicle overturned.
Gravesite
Clifford Gill
Blog author, retired U.S. Border Patrol Assistant Chief and, current U.S. Border Patrol employee advocate.
Read more about Cliff here.
Ray Harris
Site founder and owner, former Supervisory Border Patrol Agent and retired Immigration Special Agent.
Read more about Ray here.
Joseph Banco
U.S. Border Patrol historian and retired Deputy Chief Patrol Agent.
Read more about Joe here.
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